Terms of Use
Use of the Website
EduScores provides PISA data, tables, charts, explanations and related reference material for informational and educational purposes.
Visitors may read, link to and use the site through normal web access.
Use of the website must not interfere with its security, availability or normal operation.
Data and Sources
Much of the underlying statistical information originates from official third-party sources, particularly OECD PISA publications and databases.
Those organisations retain the rights that apply to their original material.
EduScores may organise, calculate, summarise, visualise or explain publicly available data. Presentation of a value on EduScores does not transfer ownership of the underlying source material.
Anyone intending to republish substantial source data should review the licensing and reuse terms provided by the original publisher.
EduScores Content
Original explanatory text, page structure, derived analysis, custom visual presentation and other original material published on EduScores may be protected by applicable intellectual-property law.
Normal quotation, citation and linking are permitted to the extent allowed by law.
Substantial republication of original EduScores material may require permission.
Automated Access
Automated access that places an unreasonable load on the website, bypasses technical protections, interferes with normal service or attempts to gain unauthorised access is not permitted.
Public pages may be indexed by ordinary search-engine crawlers subject to the technical instructions published by the site.
Accuracy
Reasonable efforts are made to present data accurately and use appropriate official sources.
International datasets can contain revisions, missing observations, methodological limitations and later corrections.
EduScores does not guarantee that every page will always be free from error or reflect every source revision immediately after publication.
Website Availability
The website may be changed, reorganised, temporarily unavailable or discontinued without notice.
A page URL, table, chart, feature or downloadable resource is not guaranteed to remain available permanently.
External Services
EduScores may link to websites and services operated by other organisations.
Those websites have their own terms, privacy practices and availability. EduScores is not responsible for the operation or content of an external website.
Prohibited Use
The website must not be used to:
- attempt unauthorised access to the website or its infrastructure;
- distribute malicious code;
- deliberately disrupt normal website operation;
- misrepresent EduScores content as an official OECD or PISA publication;
- use the website in a way that violates applicable law.
Changes to These Terms
These terms may be revised when website functionality, content practices or legal requirements change.
Continued use of the website is subject to the version of the Terms of Use currently published on this page.
Disclaimer
Independent Website
EduScores is an independent website and is not an official OECD, PISA or government website.
It is not operated by, endorsed by or affiliated with the OECD or the education authorities represented in PISA.
Official PISA publications and databases remain the authoritative sources for official PISA results.
Informational Purpose
Content on EduScores is provided for general informational, statistical and educational purposes.
It should not be treated as professional legal, financial, academic-admissions or public-policy advice.
Statistical Uncertainty
PISA results are based on samples and statistical estimation.
Reported means, percentages and rankings are subject to sampling and measurement uncertainty.
A higher displayed score or rank does not always mean that the underlying difference is statistically significant.
Adjacent ranking positions should therefore not automatically be interpreted as evidence of a meaningful difference between education systems.
Comparisons Across Time
PISA comparisons between assessment cycles require appropriate trend methodology.
Changes in participation, sampling, assessment design, reporting standards or comparison populations can affect whether two figures should be compared directly.
A simple subtraction between two headline values may differ from an official trend estimate based on a matched comparison group.
Derived Calculations
EduScores may calculate differences, changes, gaps, shares and other descriptive statistics from official source data.
These calculations are EduScores presentations of source values unless the same statistic is explicitly published by the original source.
Rounding in the underlying data can produce small differences between independently calculated values and officially reported changes.
Rankings
Rankings are intended as a way to organise reported results.
They are not a complete measure of education quality, school effectiveness, teaching quality, student ability or national educational performance.
PISA measures specific knowledge and skills among sampled 15-year-old students under a defined assessment framework. It does not measure every educational outcome that a country or school system may value.
Associations and Causation
PISA includes contextual information about students, schools and learning environments.
A statistical relationship between a background factor and a score does not by itself prove that the factor caused the observed result.
Correlation, association and causal effect are not interchangeable concepts.
External Links
Links to OECD pages, public databases and other external websites are provided for reference.
External content can change, move or become unavailable. EduScores is not responsible for the continued availability, accuracy or policies of a third-party website.
Errors and Corrections
Despite efforts to verify data, errors can occur.
Figures and explanations may be corrected when an error is identified or a more authoritative source becomes available.
Readers should consult the relevant official publication when a result is required for formal research, legal use or another high-stakes purpose.