PISA 2025 included 91 countries and economies: 38 OECD member countries and 53 partner countries and economies. The assessment was administered in 2025, while the first PISA 2025 results were released by the OECD on September 8, 2026.
Who Participated in PISA 2025?
The OECD participant roster covers the full ninth PISA assessment cycle.
The participant count refers to education systems included in PISA 2025, not only sovereign states. OECD reporting also includes economies and subnational reporting geographies where PISA data are reported separately. That is why the official wording is countries and economies.
Full List of PISA 2025 Participating Countries and Economies
Names and groupings follow the OECD’s PISA 2025 participant table. Special notes identify first-time participation, paper-based administration, or a reporting-geography detail.
PISA 2025 participant roster
38 OECD member countries and 53 partner countries and economies, for 91 participants in total.
Scroll horizontally to view all columns.
| Country or economy | OECD grouping | PISA 2025 participation note |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | OECD member | — |
| Austria | OECD member | — |
| Belgium | OECD member | — |
| Canada | OECD member | — |
| Chile | OECD member | — |
| Colombia | OECD member | — |
| Costa Rica | OECD member | — |
| Czechia | OECD member | — |
| Denmark | OECD member | — |
| Estonia | OECD member | — |
| Finland | OECD member | — |
| France | OECD member | — |
| Germany | OECD member | — |
| Greece | OECD member | — |
| Hungary | OECD member | — |
| Iceland | OECD member | — |
| Ireland | OECD member | — |
| Israel | OECD member | — |
| Italy | OECD member | — |
| Japan | OECD member | — |
| Korea | OECD member | — |
| Latvia | OECD member | — |
| Lithuania | OECD member | — |
| Luxembourg | OECD member | — |
| Mexico | OECD member | — |
| Netherlands | OECD member | — |
| New Zealand | OECD member | — |
| Norway | OECD member | — |
| Poland | OECD member | — |
| Portugal | OECD member | — |
| Slovak Republic | OECD member | — |
| Slovenia | OECD member | — |
| Spain | OECD member | — |
| Sweden | OECD member | — |
| Switzerland | OECD member | — |
| Türkiye | OECD member | — |
| United Kingdom | OECD member | — |
| United States | OECD member | — |
| Albania | Partner country/economy | — |
| Argentina | Partner country/economy | — |
| Armenia | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle |
| Azerbaijan | Partner country/economy | — |
| Brazil | Partner country/economy | — |
| Brunei Darussalam | Partner country/economy | — |
| B-S-J-Z (China) | Partner country/economy | Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang reporting geography |
| Bulgaria | Partner country/economy | — |
| Cambodia | Partner country/economy | Paper-based assessment |
| Croatia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Cyprus | Partner country/economy | — |
| Dominican Republic | Partner country/economy | — |
| Dushanbe (Tajikistan) | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle; Paper-based assessment |
| Ecuador | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle; previously participated in PISA for Development |
| El Salvador | Partner country/economy | — |
| Georgia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Guatemala | Partner country/economy | — |
| Hong Kong (China) | Partner country/economy | — |
| Indonesia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Jordan | Partner country/economy | — |
| Kazakhstan | Partner country/economy | — |
| Kenya | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle |
| Kosovo | Partner country/economy | — |
| Kurdistan Region (Iraq) | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle; Paper-based assessment |
| Kyrgyzstan | Partner country/economy | — |
| Lebanon | Partner country/economy | — |
| Macao (China) | Partner country/economy | — |
| Malaysia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Malta | Partner country/economy | — |
| Mauritius | Partner country/economy | Paper-based assessment |
| Moldova | Partner country/economy | — |
| Mongolia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Montenegro | Partner country/economy | — |
| Morocco | Partner country/economy | — |
| North Macedonia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Palestinian Authority | Partner country/economy | — |
| Paraguay | Partner country/economy | — |
| Peru | Partner country/economy | — |
| Philippines | Partner country/economy | — |
| Qatar | Partner country/economy | — |
| Romania | Partner country/economy | — |
| Rwanda | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle; Paper-based assessment |
| Saudi Arabia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Serbia | Partner country/economy | — |
| Singapore | Partner country/economy | — |
| Chinese Taipei | Partner country/economy | — |
| Thailand | Partner country/economy | — |
| Ukrainian regions (17 of 27) | Partner country/economy | OECD reporting geography covers 17 of 27 regions |
| United Arab Emirates | Partner country/economy | — |
| Uruguay | Partner country/economy | — |
| Uzbekistan | Partner country/economy | — |
| Viet Nam | Partner country/economy | — |
| Zambia | Partner country/economy | First PISA cycle; previously participated in PISA for Development; Paper-based assessment |
An em dash means there is no extra participation note needed for this roster. It does not indicate missing PISA data.
Seven Systems Joined the Regular PISA Assessment for the First Time
The OECD identifies Armenia, Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Ecuador, Kenya, Kurdistan Region (Iraq), Rwanda and Zambia as first-time participants in PISA 2025. Ecuador and Zambia had previously participated in the separate PISA for Development programme, so “first-time” here refers to their first participation in the regular PISA assessment.
PISA reports education systems using the geography and label applied to that assessment. A first-time participant can therefore be a country, an economy, a city-level reporting area or another separately reported education system.
PISA Participation Has Expanded Across Assessment Cycles
The number of participating countries and economies reached 91 in the ninth assessment.
Number of participating countries and economies by PISA round
Official OECD round totals from the first assessment through PISA 2025.
The first assessment total combines 32 systems assessed in 2000 and 11 in 2002. The 2009/10 total combines 65 systems in 2009 and 10 in 2010.
Participant count by PISA round
These are assessment-round totals reported by the OECD.
| PISA round | Countries/economies | Coverage note |
|---|---|---|
| First assessment (2000/02) | 43 | 32 systems in 2000 and 11 in 2002 |
| 2003 | 41 | Second assessment |
| 2006 | 57 | Third assessment |
| 2009/10 | 75 | 65 systems in 2009 and 10 in 2010 |
| 2012 | 65 | Fifth assessment |
| 2015 | 72 | Sixth assessment |
| 2018 | 79 | Seventh assessment |
| 2022 | 81 | Eighth assessment |
| 2025 | 91 | Ninth assessment |
PISA 2025 had 10 more participating systems than PISA 2022. The long-run series is not a straight increase: round coverage fell from 75 systems in the 2009/10 assessment to 65 in 2012, then rose in each cycle from 2012 through 2025.
Some PISA 2025 Entries Are Reporting Geographies Rather Than Whole Countries
The OECD participant list should be read using the labels published for the 2025 cycle. B-S-J-Z (China) refers to Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Ukrainian regions (17 of 27) refers only to the 17 participating jurisdictions covered by the 2025 reporting geography, not to a whole-country result.
Other entries are also reported under OECD system labels such as Hong Kong (China), Macao (China), Chinese Taipei, Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Kurdistan Region (Iraq) and Palestinian Authority. These labels should be preserved when comparing PISA tables because changing a reporting geography can change what population a result represents.
Assessment Coverage Was Not Identical in Every System
Most PISA 2025 participants used computer-based testing. The OECD reports that Cambodia, Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Kurdistan Region (Iraq), Mauritius, Rwanda and Zambia used the paper-based version, which contained trend items for science, reading and mathematics.
The overall 91-system roster also should not be treated as the participant count for every optional PISA 2025 component. For example, 22 countries and economies took part in the optional Foreign Language Assessment in English. PISA 2025 focused on science as the major domain, with reading and mathematics also assessed, while Learning in the Digital World was introduced as the innovative domain.
“PISA 2025” names the assessment cycle. Students took the assessment in 2025, while the OECD released the first PISA 2025 results on September 8, 2026.
Data Sources and Participation Definitions
OECD — PISA 2025 Results (Volume I), “What is PISA?” provides the 91-system participant table, the 38 OECD/53 partner split, the list of first-time participants, assessment-mode details and historical participation counts.
OECD — PISA Participants lists past and present PISA participation by system and provides the OECD participation summary across cycles.
OECD — PISA 2025 Database provides the cycle’s downloadable data resources and identifies computer-based and paper-based files for participating systems.
OECD — PISA 2025 Results (Volume I), Reader’s Guide explains coverage conventions, including the definitions of B-S-J-Z (China) and Ukrainian regions (17 of 27).